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13.2 Pragma Pack
1
[A pragma
Pack specifies that storage minimization should be the main criterion
when selecting the representation of a composite type.]
Syntax
2
The form of
a pragma Pack is as follows:
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pragma Pack(
first_subtype_local_name);
Legality Rules
4
The first_subtype_local_name
of a pragma Pack shall denote a
composite subtype.
Static Semantics
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{representation pragma (Pack)
[partial]} {pragma, representation
(Pack) [partial]} {aspect
of representation (packing) [partial]} {packing
(aspect of representation)} {packed}
A
pragma Pack
specifies the
packing aspect of representation; the type (or the
extension part) is said to be
packed. For a type extension, the
parent part is packed as for the parent type, and a
pragma
Pack causes packing only of the extension part.
5.a
Ramification: The only
high level semantic effect of a pragma
Pack is independent addressability (see 9.10,
``Shared Variables'').
Implementation Advice
6
If a type is packed, then the implementation should
try to minimize storage allocated to objects of the type, possibly at
the expense of speed of accessing components, subject to reasonable complexity
in addressing calculations.
6.a
Ramification: A pragma
Pack is for gaining space efficiency, possibly at the expense of time.
If more explicit control over representation is desired, then a record_representation_clause,
a Component_Size clause, or a Size clause should be used instead of,
or in addition to, a pragma Pack.
7
{recommended
level of support (pragma Pack) [partial]} The
recommended level of support for pragma Pack is:
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- For a packed record type, the components
should be packed as tightly as possible subject to the Sizes of the component
subtypes, and subject to any record_representation_clause
that applies to the type; the implementation may, but need not, reorder
components or cross aligned word boundaries to improve the packing. A
component whose Size is greater than the word size may be allocated an
integral number of words.
8.a
Ramification: The implementation
can always allocate an integral number of words for a component that
will not fit in a word. The rule also allows small component sizes to
be rounded up if such rounding does not waste space. For example, if
Storage_Unit = 8, then a component of size 8 is probably more efficient
than a component of size 7 plus a 1-bit gap (assuming the gap is needed
anyway).
9
- For a packed array type, if the component
subtype's Size is less than or equal to the word size, and Component_Size
is not specified for the type, Component_Size should be less than or
equal to the Size of the component subtype, rounded up to the nearest
factor of the word size.
9.a
Ramification: If a component
subtype is aliased, its Size will generally be a multiple of Storage_Unit,
so it probably won't get packed very tightly.
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