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9.2 Task Execution - Task Activation

Dynamic Semantics

1
   {execution (task) [partial]} The execution of a task of a given task type consists of the execution of the corresponding task_body. {execution (task_body) [partial]} {task (execution)} {activation (of a task)} {task (activation)} The initial part of this execution is called the activation of the task; it consists of the elaboration of the declarative_part of the task_body. {activation failure} Should an exception be propagated by the elaboration of its declarative_part, the activation of the task is defined to have failed, and it becomes a completed task.
2
   A task object (which represents one task) can be created either as part of the elaboration of an object_declaration occurring immediately within some declarative region, or as part of the evaluation of an allocator. All tasks created by the elaboration of object_declarations of a single declarative region (including subcomponents of the declared objects) are activated together. Similarly, all tasks created by the evaluation of a single allocator are activated together. The activation of a task is associated with the innermost allocator or object_declaration that is responsible for its creation.
2.a
Discussion: The initialization of an object_declaration or allocator can indirectly include the creation of other objects that contain tasks. For example, the default expression for a subcomponent of an object created by an allocator might call a function that evaluates a completely different allocator. Tasks created by the two allocators are not activated together.
3
   For tasks created by the elaboration of object_declarations of a given declarative region, the activations are initiated within the context of the handled_sequence_of_statements (and its associated exception_handlers if any -- see 11.2), just prior to executing the statements of the _sequence. [For a package without an explicit body or an explicit handled_sequence_of_statements, an implicit body or an implicit null_statement is assumed, as defined in 7.2.]
3.a
Ramification: If Tasking_Error is raised, it can be handled by handlers of the handled_sequence_of_statements.
4
   For tasks created by the evaluation of an allocator, the activations are initiated as the last step of evaluating the allocator, after completing any initialization for the object created by the allocator, and prior to returning the new access value.
5
   {activator (of a task)} {blocked (waiting for activations to complete) [partial]} The task that created the new tasks and initiated their activations (the activator) is blocked until all of these activations complete (successfully or not). {Tasking_Error (raised by failure of run-time check)} Once all of these activations are complete, if the activation of any of the tasks has failed [(due to the propagation of an exception)], Tasking_Error is raised in the activator, at the place at which it initiated the activations. Otherwise, the activator proceeds with its execution normally. Any tasks that are aborted prior to completing their activation are ignored when determining whether to raise Tasking_Error.
5.a
Ramification: Note that a task created by an allocator does not necessarily depend on its activator; in such a case the activator's termination can precede the termination of the newly created task.
5.b
Discussion: Tasking_Error is raised only once, even if two or more of the tasks being activated fail their activation.
6
   Should the task that created the new tasks never reach the point where it would initiate the activations (due to an abort or the raising of an exception), the newly created tasks become terminated and are never activated.
NOTES
7
5  An entry of a task can be called before the task has been activated.
8
6  If several tasks are activated together, the execution of any of these tasks need not await the end of the activation of the other tasks.
9
7  A task can become completed during its activation either because of an exception or because it is aborted (see 9.8).

Examples

10
    Example of task activation:
11
procedure P is
   A, B : Server;    --  elaborate the task objects A, B
   C    : Server;    --  elaborate the task object C
begin
   --  the tasks A, B, C are activated together before the first statement
   ...
end;

Wording Changes from Ada 83

11.a
We have replaced the term suspended with blocked, since we didn't want to consider a task blocked when it was simply competing for execution resources. "Suspended" is sometimes used more generally to refer to tasks that are not actually running on some processor, due to the lack of resources.
11.b
This clause has been rewritten in an attempt to improve presentation.

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