Annotated Ada Reference Manual — Legal Information

Annex A

(normative)

Predefined Language Environment

[ This Annex contains the specifications of library units that shall be provided by every implementation. There are three root library units: Ada, Interfaces, and System; other library units are children of these:]

2/3

{8652/0047} {AI95-00081-01} {AI95-00424-01} {AI05-0001-1} {AI05-0049-1} {AI05-0069-1} {AI05-0111-3} {AI05-0136-1} {AI05-0137-1} {AI05-0166-1} {AI05-0168-1}

[Standard — A.1
  Ada — A.2
    Assertions — 11.4.2
    Asynchronous_Task_Control — D.11
    Calendar — 9.6
      Arithmetic — 9.6.1
      Formatting — 9.6.1
      Time_Zones — 9.6.1
    Characters — A.3.1
      Conversions — A.3.4
      Handling — A.3.2
      Latin_1 — A.3.3
    Command_Line — A.15
    Complex_Text_IO — G.1.3
    Containers — A.18.1
      Bounded_Doubly_Linked_Lists
            — A.18.20
      Bounded_Hashed_Maps — A.18.21
      Bounded_Hashed_Sets — A.18.23
      Bounded_Multiway_Trees — A.18.25
      Bounded_Ordered_Maps — A.18.22
      Bounded_Ordered_Sets — A.18.24
      Bounded_Priority_Queues — A.18.31
      Bounded_Synchronized_Queues
             — A.18.29
      Bounded_Vectors — A.18.19
      Doubly_Linked_Lists — A.18.3
      Generic_Array_Sort — A.18.26
      Generic_Constrained_Array_Sort
            — A.18.26
      Generic_Sort — A.18.26
      Hashed_Maps — A.18.5
      Hashed_Sets — A.18.8
      Indefinite_Doubly_Linked_Lists
            — A.18.12
      Indefinite_Hashed_Maps — A.18.13
      Indefinite_Hashed_Sets — A.18.15
      Indefinite_Holders — A.18.18
      Indefinite_Multiway_Trees — A.18.17
      Indefinite_Ordered_Maps — A.18.14
      Indefinite_Ordered_Sets — A.18.16
      Indefinite_Vectors — A.18.11

Standard (...continued)
  Ada (...continued)
    Containers (...continued)
      Multiway_Trees — A.18.10
      Ordered_Maps — A.18.6
      Ordered_Sets — A.18.9
      Synchronized_Queue_Interfaces
            — A.18.27
      Unbounded_Priority_Queues
            — A.18.30
      Unbounded_Synchronized_Queues
            — A.18.28
      Vectors — A.18.2
Standard (...continued)
  Ada (...continued)
    Decimal — F.2
    Direct_IO — A.8.4
    Directories — A.16
      Hierarchical_File_Names — A.16.1
      Information — A.16
    Dispatching — D.2.1
      EDF — D.2.6
      Non_Preemptive — D.2.4
      Round_Robin — D.2.5
    Dynamic_Priorities — D.5.1
    Environment_Variables — A.17
    Exceptions — 11.4.1
    Execution_Time — D.14
      Group_Budgets — D.14.2
      Interrupts — D.14.3
      Timers — D.14.1
    Finalization — 7.6
    Float_Text_IO — A.10.9
    Float_Wide_Text_IO — A.11
    Float_Wide_Wide_Text_IO — A.11
    Integer_Text_IO — A.10.8
    Integer_Wide_Text_IO — A.11
    Integer_Wide_Wide_Text_IO — A.11
    Interrupts — C.3.2
      Names — C.3.2
    IO_Exceptions — A.13
    Iterator_Interfaces — 5.5.1
    Locales — A.19

Standard (...continued)
  Ada (...continued)
    Numerics — A.5
      Complex_Arrays — G.3.2
      Complex_Elementary_Functions — G.1.2
      Complex_Types — G.1.1
      Discrete_Random — A.5.2
      Elementary_Functions — A.5.1
      Float_Random — A.5.2
      Generic_Complex_Arrays — G.3.2
      Generic_Complex_Elementary_Functions
            — G.1.2
      Generic_Complex_Types — G.1.1
      Generic_Elementary_Functions — A.5.1
      Generic_Real_Arrays — G.3.1
      Real_Arrays — G.3.1
    Real_Time — D.8
      Timing_Events — D.15
    Sequential_IO — A.8.1
    Storage_IO — A.9
    Streams — 13.13.1
      Stream_IO — A.12.1
Standard (...continued)
  Ada (...continued)
    Strings — A.4.1
      Bounded — A.4.4
        Equal_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
        Hash — A.4.9
        Hash_Case_Insensitive — A.4.9
        Less_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
      Fixed — A.4.3
        Equal_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
        Hash — A.4.9
        Hash_Case_Insensitive — A.4.9
        Less_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
      Equal_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
      Hash — A.4.9
      Hash_Case_Insensitive — A.4.9
      Less_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
      Maps — A.4.2
        Constants — A.4.6
      Unbounded — A.4.5
        Equal_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
        Hash — A.4.9
        Hash_Case_Insensitive — A.4.9
        Less_Case_Insensitive — A.4.10
      UTF_Encoding — A.4.11
        Conversions — A.4.11
        Strings — A.4.11
        Wide_Strings — A.4.11
        Wide_Wide_Strings — A.4.11
      Wide_Bounded — A.4.7
        Wide_Hash — A.4.7

Standard (...continued)
  Ada (...continued)
    Strings (...continued)
      Wide_Fixed — A.4.7
        Wide_Hash — A.4.7
      Wide_Hash — A.4.7
      Wide_Maps — A.4.7
        Wide_Constants — A.4.7
      Wide_Unbounded — A.4.7
        Wide_Hash — A.4.7
      Wide_Wide_Bounded — A.4.8
        Wide_Wide_Hash — A.4.8
      Wide_Wide_Fixed — A.4.8
        Wide_Wide_Hash — A.4.8
      Wide_Wide_Hash — A.4.8
      Wide_Wide_Maps — A.4.8
        Wide_Wide_Constants — A.4.8
      Wide_Wide_Unbounded — A.4.8
        Wide_Wide_Hash — A.4.8
    Synchronous_Barriers — D.10.1
    Synchronous_Task_Control — D.10
      EDF — D.10
    Tags — 3.9
      Generic_Dispatching_Constructor — 3.9
    Task_Attributes — C.7.2
    Task_Identification — C.7.1
    Task_Termination — C.7.3
Standard (...continued)
  Ada (...continued)
    Text_IO — A.10.1
      Bounded_IO — A.10.11
      Complex_IO — G.1.3
      Editing — F.3.3
      Text_Streams — A.12.2
      Unbounded_IO — A.10.12
    Unchecked_Conversion — 13.9
    Unchecked_Deallocate_Subpool — 13.11.5
    Unchecked_Deallocation — 13.11.2
    Wide_Characters — A.3.1
      Handling — A.3.5
    Wide_Text_IO — A.11
      Complex_IO — G.1.4
      Editing — F.3.4
      Text_Streams — A.12.3
      Wide_Bounded_IO — A.11
      Wide_Unbounded_IO — A.11
    Wide_Wide_Characters — A.3.1
      Handling — A.3.6
    Wide_Wide_Text_IO — A.11
      Complex_IO — G.1.5
      Editing — F.3.5
      Text_Streams — A.12.4
      Wide_Wide_Bounded_IO — A.11
      Wide_Wide_Unbounded_IO — A.11

  Interfaces — B.2
    C — B.3
      Pointers — B.3.2
      Strings — B.3.1
    COBOL — B.4
    Fortran — B.5

  System — 13.7
    Address_To_Access_Conversions — 13.7.2
    Machine_Code — 13.8
    Multiprocessors — D.16
      Dispatching_Domains — D.16.1
    RPC — E.5
    Storage_Elements — 13.7.1
    Storage_Pools — 13.11
      Subpools — 13.11.4 ]

2.a

Discussion: In running text, we generally leave out the “Ada.” when referring to a child of Ada.

2.b

Reason: We had no strict rule for which of Ada, Interfaces, or System should be the parent of a given library unit. However, we have tried to place as many things as possible under Ada, except that interfacing is a separate category, and we have tried to place library units whose use is highly non-portable under System.

Implementation Requirements

3/2

{AI95-00434-01} The implementation shall ensure that each language- defined subprogram is reentrant in the sense that concurrent calls on the same subprogram perform as specified, so long as all parameters that could be passed by reference denote nonoverlapping objects.

3.a

Ramification: For example, simultaneous calls to Text_IO.Put will work properly, so long as they are going to two different files. On the other hand, simultaneous output to the same file constitutes erroneous use of shared variables.

3.b

To be honest: Here, “language defined subprogram” means a language defined library subprogram, a subprogram declared in the visible part of a language defined library package, an instance of a language defined generic library subprogram, or a subprogram declared in the visible part of an instance of a language defined generic library package.

3.c

Ramification: The rule implies that any data local to the private part or body of the package has to be somehow protected against simultaneous access.

3.1/3

{AI05-0048-1} If a descendent of a language-defined tagged type is declared, the implementation shall ensure that each inherited language-defined subprogram behaves as described in this International Standard. In particular, overriding a language-defined subprogram shall not alter the effect of any inherited language-defined subprogram.

3.d/3

Reason: This means that internally the implementation must not do redispatching unless it is required by the Standard. So when we say that some subprogram Bar is equivalent to Foo, overriding Foo for a derived type doesn't change the semantics of Bar, and in particular it means that Bar may no longer be equivalent to Foo. The word “equivalent” is always a bit of a lie anyway.

Implementation Permissions

The implementation may restrict the replacement of language-defined compilation units. The implementation may restrict children of language-defined library units (other than Standard).

4.a

Ramification: For example, the implementation may say, “you cannot compile a library unit called System” or “you cannot compile a child of package System” or “if you compile a library unit called System, it has to be a package, and it has to contain at least the following declarations: ...”.

Wording Changes from Ada 83

4.b

Many of Ada 83's language-defined library units are now children of Ada or System. For upward compatibility, these are renamed as root library units (see J.1).

4.c

The order and lettering of the annexes has been changed.

Wording Changes from Ada 95

4.d/2

{8652/0047} {AI95-00081-01} Corrigendum: Units missing from the list of predefined units were added.

4.e/2

{AI95-00424-01} Added new units to the list of predefined units.

Wording Changes from Ada 2005

4.f/3

{AI05-0048-1} Correction: Added wording to ban redispatching unless it is explicitly required, in order to safeguard portability when overriding language-defined routines.

4.g/3

{AI05-0060-1} {AI05-0206-1} Correction: Added a permission to omit pragma Remote_Types from language-defined units if Annex E is not supported. This was later removed, as a better method of supporting the reason is now available. Note that this requires all implementations to provide minimal support for the Remote_Types categorization even if Annex E is not supported; being unable to compile language-defined units is not allowed.

4.h/3

{AI05-0001-1} {AI05-0049-1} {AI05-0069-1} {AI05-0111-3} {AI05-0136-1} {AI05-0137-1} {AI05-0166-1} {AI05-0168-1} Added various new units to the list of predefined units.

Ada 2005 and 2012 Editions sponsored in part by Ada-Europe